One of the outstanding works about allegorical and difficult Quranic verses is ’Mutashabih ul-Quran wa Almukhtalif Fih’ by Mohammad IBN Ali IBN SHAHR ASHUB Mazandarani. In this book, he has analyzed the Quranic allegorical verses in distinct topics and the domain of his discussions revolve around various topics such as belief principles, religious commandments, and Quranic sciences. He sees allegorical verses from three viewpoints including: having dispute in religious affairs, contradictory verses, and those verses from which two or several meanings could be received and they need to be understood on the more correct meaning. Relying on the mentioned book, the paper attempts to investigate IBN SHAHR ASHUB’scommentary of the allegorical and difficult verses. According to the findings of the study, one could find out that he has corrected the available suspicions and deviations related to this topic and has eliminated the ambiguities of these verses by using various methods and scholarly orientation.

Scholars studying Quran have considered "interpretive traditions" as an important source of exegesis, and have referred to it at times of elaborating the verses. Interpretive traditions are those which in one way or other deal with elucidating the sense, meaning and denotation of the Quranic verses. In this article IBN SHAHR ASHUB’s "Mutashabih al-Quran" has been scrutinized for different types of "interpretive traditions", analyzing their most important functions along with their application based on precise examples.The conclusions reached in the study are as follows: although the author has not widely used interpretive traditions, he has made his effort to best use these traditions for a proper clarification of the verses with the intention of reaching the most accurate interpretation revealing the real purpose of the divine message.

The most famous works of those of far past time in the field of mutashabihat are the book Mutashabihat ul-Quran" by Abd al-Jabbar and " Mutashabihat ul-Quran wa Mukhtalafuh" by IBN SHAHR ASHUB Mazandarani. Their definitions of muhkam and mutashabih are common and based on the need to understand the purpose of mutashaih verses, with the help of other arguments and reference to muhkamat. In the interpretive foundations of Mu'tazilite theologian Abd al-Jabbar, reason is counted as being prior to narration, but in IBN SHAHR ASHUB's view, reason and narration are complementary. They, both, have considered "nazar" in the verses 22 and 23 of Qiyamat, to mean waiting. Of course, Abd al-Jabbar in the verse 5 of Taha has taken "istiwa" to mean domination and authority,IBN SHAHR ASHUB, howewver, referring to a narration from Imam Sadeq (a), has taken it as meaning the same relationship with everything. Therefore, Abd al-Jabbar often focused on reason and disregarded the narrations, but IBN SHAHR ASHUB, using the theological discourse of the Ahl al-Bayt (a), interpreted the verses of God's predicative attributes.

Undoubtedly, pious scholars of Islam as the successors of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) and the infallible Imams (a.s.) are the only individuals who have vast knowledge of the interpretation and explication of the Holy Quran. Muhammad IBN-e Ali IBN-e SHAHR-ASHUB Sarvi Mazandarani is one of the great scholars who has contributed a lot to the promotion of the valuable teachings of Islam and the Holy Quran by authoring a number of admirable books. Motashabeh al-Quran is one of his precious works authored in the field of interpretation of the Quran. It is a two-volume, rich work carrying a full load of Quranic themes and discussions on the ambiguous and complicated verses of the Holy Quran. In this study, an attempt has been made to carefully examine and evaluate some of the interpretation techniques utilized by IBN-e SHAHR-ASHUB to explicate the Devine verses. The findings of the this study suggest that the most significant interpretation techniques and types utilized by the author of Motashabeh al-Quran are utilization of the verses related to a single issue, use of the syntactic rules of Arabic language, employment of interpretive narrations, benefitting from the revelation circumstances of verses, reference to the consensus among interpreters, explication of the meaning of the single words of verses, benefiting from the surface of verses, reference to the non-manifest meaning of verses, criticism of narrations, pointing out manifestations of verses, reference to credibility of wisdom, interpretation of the verses of prescripts, explanation of the rhetorical address and utilization of the literary figures in the Quran.

Lyrical literature is a prominent genre of Persian literature that focuses on representing the poet's inner feelings, emotions, and experiences. It is characterized by elements such as soft and imagistic language, poetic rhythm/music, imagery, and lyric themes like panegyric, elegy, and SHAHR-ASHUB. Satire, despite its critical and social nature, also possesses the capacity to reflect personal and emotional experiences within social contexts, and in some instances, overlaps with lyrical literature. In this regard, the satirical poems of Saeed Biabanaki exemplify the connection between these two domains, lending themselves to analysis through the lens of lyrical elements. The present study aims to identify the components of lyrical literature in the satirical poems of this poet. The research methodology is based on content analysis of a selection of his poems. This investigation has identified lyrical elements, including lyrical language, internal and external rhythm/music, and SHAHR-ASHUB themes. The findings indicate that Biabanaki, in addition to employing social satire, has also utilized emotional and lyrical language and structures. This confluence of satire and lyricism reveals a fresh dimension of the diverse functions of contemporary Persian poetry.

Considering historical sources in Sira studies (study on biography and characteristics) is highly important. These sources have been underestimated in the area of producing written heritage among Shi' ites. On contrary, Sunni Muslims have made considerable efforts in writing historical works which is the reason that understanding and analyzing the history of Shi' ism and Ahl al-Bayt (a) in reliant on considering such Sunni sources. The question which is raised here is: How we can refer to historical sources of Sunnis in gaining historical understanding of Ahl al-Bayt (a). The hypothesis which is analyzed in the present paper is: It seems that Sunni historical sources have significant influence on Sira studies. Therefore, the history and Sira of Imam Sajjad (a) will be studied based on "The History of Damascus" written by IBN Asakir (d.571) by means of three Imamiyya sources: Al-Irshad by Shaykh Mufid (d.413), Al-Khara' j by Qutb Ravandi (d.573) and Manaqib Al Abi Talib by IBN SHAHR ASHUB (d.588). Then by doing a comparative analysis of the three Imamiyya sources and the mentioned Sunni source about Imam Sajjad (a), it is shown that there are significant differences between the quantity of data and content presented in these sources in a way that disregarding Sunni sources would clearly have an impact on the findings of the research.

Beshnawi Kurdi is one of Kurdish poets in the Abbasid era whom writers described as a poet of great and beautiful poetry, with a large amount of poems and a capable prose writer, as well as being distinguished with creativity and superior ability in the beauty of style and meaningfulness in poetry and has been renowned in the fields of eloquence and rhetoric. Narratives of his life and poetry show that he was a Shiite and a follower of God's Prophet and his family, as IBN SHAHR ASHUB has counted him among the poets who are exposed to the love of the Prophet's household, and the writer of the book "Al-Ghadir" has considered him in the first generation of rhetoric flagships and an Imamiyyah poet. He has a poetical work containing some scattered lyric poems which indicates that the poet lived a love experience full of sincere sensations; furthermore his work comprises some odes related with the love of Prophet's household and mentioning their virtues. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach tries to study the rhetorical innovations of Beshnawi's poetry and its specifications.

In this article, by examining a number of the hadiths of the Infallibles and Imamate, it has been determined that the most imperative document of the event of Ghadir Khom and infallibility and Imamate of Imams (AS) is the existence of Quranic texts and narrations in which there is a consensus among the Imams. By observing, in general, it can be said that the situation of the narrators was examined based on the opinions of the Shiite men that is found in most of the series of documents of the narrations of the infallibility and Imamate and is of a reliable source. Of course, a few of them are not authentic according to the sayings of the pious men, but in terms of transcript, these narrations are deliberated. Among these narrations, most of them are of the meaningful hadiths, which include authentic, good and genuine hadiths. In the following research, by examining the interpretation of a number of the authentic verses describing the event of Ghadir Khom and the attributes of Imamate and guardianship of Imam Ali (pbuh) in the view of IBN SHAHR Ashob Mazandarani, this event will be manifested in the illustrated copies of the Ilkhanid and Safavid eras. Verses and hadiths are virtues and attributes that an innocent person needs to have; Among these attributes: being innocent of sins, being trustworthy to God, purifying oneself from sins and defects, and giving alms in all cases are indispensable. According to the accomplished studies in Iranian painting, which have always been the focus of religious themes, a unique attitude is seen. In the paintings, with the help of visual elements, the dignity of the province and the Imamate of Imam Ali (pbuh) is shown and generally this event is shown in an open and wide space, as if witnesses of this event are also present to attest this occurrence. Research aims 1-Investigating the narration of Ghadir Khom by IBN SHAHR Ashob and its comparison with available documents. 2 Studying the reflection of the narrations of Ghadir Khom event in Iranian painting. Research questions: 1-Has IBN SHAHR Ashob considered the necessary documentations when mentioning and interpreting the verses and narrations of Ghadir Khom? 2-How is the narration of Ghadir Khom reflected in Iranian painting?

Battle with dragon is one of the most exciting adventures in the mythological and heroic history that had always been the center of attention. Little by little, it found its way into religious poetry being regarded as an important achievement for religious heroes, as many poets from the 7th century till present refer to the event of slaying the dragon by Imam Ali in the cradle. The oldest narrative source of this story is Manaqib IBN SHAHR ASHUB in the 6th century Hijra. However, in other authentic Shi’ a and Sunni texts and sources such as Shavahed al Tanzil by Haskani, Manaqib by Kharazmi, and Manaqib Ali IBN Abi Talib by Aljallabi al Shafeei there are no references to this story. This research is concerned with the study and analysis of the theme of dragon killing in both myth and epic, paying particular attention to the slaying dragon by Imam Ali in cradle, also dealing with the reasons behind the frequent growth of this theme in religious poetry. The fame of this theme in the field of divine religions could be a symbolic discussion, dragon being the symbol of either external enemies including Ahriman, Anti religion enemies or internal enemies such as Nafs or lower soul. All saints could at some point overcome this latter enemy and in case of Imam Ali dragon can be regarded as both internal and external enemy. Due to having an epic prestigious form, this tale not only during human history but also within the domain of religious poetry have been tremendously received.

Matthew Pierce, a western researcher of Shiism, in the book Twelve Infallible Men discusses the role of five Shiite canonizer and their books in giving identity to Shiism.  These books include Ethbat al-Wasiyah by Masudi, Dalael al-Imamah by Tabari, Al-Ershad by Sheikh Mofid, Elam al-Wara by Tabarsi, and Managheb Al Abi Taleb by IBN SHAHR ASHUB. In his book, Pierce mentions the main and effective role of these canonizers in giving identity to the Shia society, the sanctity and infallibility of the imams, the creation of the sacred history of Shia, the practical demarcation of Shia beliefs from non-Shia, and the formation of the oral and sacred history of Shia through the stories and anecdotes of the above-mentioned authors. The theme of Matthew Pierce's work is the history of thought, which tries to attribute the origin of Shiite thought to Shiite saints by using the historical method. The presentation of this point of view is rooted in the principles that the author has chosen for himself and based on which he makes those statements. The present research aims to examine and criticize the author's principles and methods based on the religious foundations of Muslims, using historical, traditional, and religious methods and principles.